Rules for Any Mode or Modes of Transport

CIP – Carriage And Insurance Paid To

“Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.

A	The Seller Must	B	The Buyer Must
A1	Provision of Goods in Conformity with the Contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity, which may be required by the contract.	B1	Payment of the Price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The seller must obtain at its own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.	B2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The buyer must obtain at its own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract on usual terms at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the agreed point at the named place of destination by a usual route and in a customary manner. If a point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination which best suits its purpose. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.	B3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage No obligation. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4	Delivery The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 or, if there are subsequent carriers to the first carrier, for transport to the agreed point at the named place on the date or within the agreed period.	B4	Taking Delivery The buyer must accept delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place.
A5	Transfer of Risks The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B5	Transfer of Risks The buyer must bear all risks of loss of damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4. The buyer must, should he fail to give notice in accordance with B7, bear all risks of the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the period fixed for delivery provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goes.
A6	Division of Costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay: All costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4 as well as the freight and all other costs resulting form A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination which were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and Where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes or other charges payable upon export, and for their transit through any country if they were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.	B6	Division of Costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay: All costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and All costs and charges relating to the goods whilst in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and Unloading costs unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and All additional costs incurred if he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, for the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the period fixed for dispatch, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and Where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage.
A7	Notice to the Buyer The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measures which are normally necessary to enable it to take the goods.	B7	Notice to the Seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller’s expense, if customary, with the usual transport document or documents (for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, an air waybill, a railway consignment note, a road consignment note, or a multimodal transport document) for the transport contracted in accordance with A3. Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.	B8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must accept the transport document in accordance with A8 if it is in conformity with the contract.
A9	Checking – Packaging – Marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. The seller must provide at its own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to send the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the transport of the goods arranged by it. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.	B9	Inspection of Goods The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection except when such Inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10	Other Obligations The seller must render the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic message (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the country of dispatch and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and for their transit through any country. The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.	B10	Other Obligations The buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering its assistance in accordance therewith.

CPT – Carriage Paid To

A	The Seller Must	B	The Buyer Must
A1	Provision of Goods in Conformity with the Contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity, which may be required by the contract.	B1	Payment of the Price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The seller must obtain at its own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.	B2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The buyer must obtain at its own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriageThe seller must contract on usual terms at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the agreed point at the named place of destination by a usual route and in a customary manner. If a point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination which best suits its purpose.(b) Contract of insurance No obligation.	B3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriageNo obligation.(b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4	Delivery The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 or, if there are subsequent carriers to the first carrier, for transport to the agreed point at the named place on the date or within the agreed period.	B4	Taking Delivery The buyer must accept delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place.
A5	Transfer of Risks The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B5	Transfer of Risks The buyer must bear all risks of loss of damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4. The buyer must, should he fail to give notice in accordance with B7, bear all risks of the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the period fixed for delivery provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goes.
A6	Division of Costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay: All costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4 as well as the freight and all other costs resulting form A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination which were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and Where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes or other charges payable upon export, and for their transit through any country if they were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.	B6	Division of Costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay: All costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and All costs and charges relating to the goods whilst in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and Unloading costs unless such costs and charges were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and All additional costs incurred if he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, for the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the period fixed for dispatch, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and Where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage.
A7	Notice to the Buyer The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measures which are normally necessary to enable it to take the goods.	B7	Notice to the Seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller’s expense, if customary, with the usual transport document or documents (for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, an air waybill, a railway consignment note, a road consignment note, or a multimodal transport document) for the transport contracted in accordance with A3. Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.	B8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must accept the transport document in accordance with A8 if it is in conformity with the contract.
A9	Checking – Packaging – Marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. The seller must provide at its own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to send the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the transport of the goods arranged by it. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.	B9	Inspection of Goods The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection except when such Inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10	Other Obligations The seller must render the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic message (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the country of dispatch and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and for their transit through any country. The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.	B10	Other Obligations The buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering its assistance in accordance therewith.

DAP – Delivered At Place

“Delivered at Place” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.

A	The Seller Must	B	The Buyer Must
A1	Provision of Goods in Conformity with the Contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity, which may be required by the contract.	B1	Payment of the Price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The seller must obtain at its own risk and expense any export licence or other official document necessary for placing the goods at the buyer’s disposal. The seller must carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods to the named place of delivery at the frontier and for their transit through any country.	B2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The buyer must obtain at its own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation or other documents and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the import of the goods, and for their subsequent transport.
A3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the gods to the named point, if any, at the place of delivery at the frontier. If a point at the named place of delivery at the frontier is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of delivery which best suits its purpose. However, if requested by the buyer, the seller may agree to contract on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense for the on-going carriage of the goods beyond the named place at the frontier to the final destination in the country of import named by the buyer. The seller may decline to make the contract and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer accordingly. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.	B3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage No obligation. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4	Delivery The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport not unloaded at the named place of delivery at the frontier on the date or within the agreed period.	B4	Taking Delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
A5	Transfer of Risks The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B5	Transfer of Risks The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods form the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4. The buyer must, should it fail to give notice in accordance with B7, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiration date of the agreed period for delivery to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6	Division of Costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay: In addition to the costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4, and Where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, or other charges payable upon export of the goods and for their transit through any country prior to delivery in accordance with A4.	B6	Division of Costs The buyer must pay: All costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4, including the expenses of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of delivery at the frontier, and All additional costs incurred if it fails to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of delivery at the frontier; and Where applicable, the cost of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods and for their subsequent transport.
A7	Notice to the Buyer The seller must five the buyer sufficient notice of the dispatch of the goods to the named place at the frontier as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measures which are normally necessary to enable him to take delivery of the goods.	B7	Notice to the Seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery at the named place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller’s expense with the usual document or other evidence of the delivery of the goods at the named place at the frontier in accordance with A3. The seller must, should the parties agree on on-going carriage beyond the frontier in accordance with A3 a) provide the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, with the through document of transport normally obtained in the country of dispatch covering on usual terms the transport of the goods from the point of dispatch in that country to the place of final destination in the country of import named by the buyer. Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.	B8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must accept the delivery order or the transport document in accordance with A8.
A9	Checking – Packaging – Marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. The seller must provide at its own expense packaging (unless it is agreed or usual for the particular trade to deliver the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the delivery of the goods at the frontier and for the subsequent transport to the extent that the circumstances (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.	B9	Inspection of Goods The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10	Other Obligations The seller must render the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the country of dispatch and/or origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country. The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.	B10	Other Obligations The buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering its assistance in accordance therewith. If necessary, according to A3 a), the buyer must provide the seller at its request and the buyer’s risk and expense with the exchange control authorisation, permits, other documents or certified copies thereof, or with the address of the final destination of the goods in the country of import for the purpose of obtaining the through document of transport or any other document contemplated in A8.

DAT – Delivered At Terminal

A	The Seller Must	B	The Buyer Must
A1	Provision of Goods in Conformity with the Contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity, which may be required by the contract.	B1	Payment of the Price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The seller must obtain at its own risk and expense any export licence or other official document necessary for placing the goods at the buyer’s disposal. The seller must carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods to the named place of delivery at the frontier and for their transit through any country.	B2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The buyer must obtain at its own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation or other documents and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the import of the goods, and for their subsequent transport.
A3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the gods to the named point, if any, at the place of delivery at the frontier. If a point at the named place of delivery at the frontier is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of delivery which best suits its purpose. However, if requested by the buyer, the seller may agree to contract on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense for the on-going carriage of the goods beyond the named place at the frontier to the final destination in the country of import named by the buyer. The seller may decline to make the contract and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer accordingly. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.	B3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage No obligation. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4	Delivery The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport not unloaded at the named place of delivery at the frontier on the date or within the agreed period.	B4	Taking Delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
A5	Transfer of Risks The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B5	Transfer of Risks The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods form the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4. The buyer must, should it fail to give notice in accordance with B7, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiration date of the agreed period for delivery to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6	Division of Costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay: In addition to the costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4, and Where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, or other charges payable upon export of the goods and for their transit through any country prior to delivery in accordance with A4.	B6	Division of Costs The buyer must pay: All costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4, including the expenses of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of delivery at the frontier, and All additional costs incurred if it fails to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of delivery at the frontier; and Where applicable, the cost of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods and for their subsequent transport.
A7	Notice to the Buyer The seller must five the buyer sufficient notice of the dispatch of the goods to the named place at the frontier as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measures which are normally necessary to enable him to take delivery of the goods.	B7	Notice to the Seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery at the named place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller’s expense with the usual document or other evidence of the delivery of the goods at the named place at the frontier in accordance with A3. The seller must, should the parties agree on on-going carriage beyond the frontier in accordance with A3 a) provide the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, with the through document of transport normally obtained in the country of dispatch covering on usual terms the transport of the goods from the point of dispatch in that country to the place of final destination in the country of import named by the buyer. Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.	B8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must accept the delivery order or the transport document in accordance with A8.
A9	Checking – Packaging – Marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. The seller must provide at its own expense packaging (unless it is agreed or usual for the particular trade to deliver the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the delivery of the goods at the frontier and for the subsequent transport to the extent that the circumstances (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.	B9	Inspection of Goods The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10	Other Obligations The seller must render the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the country of dispatch and/or origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country. The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.	B10	Other Obligations The buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering its assistance in accordance therewith. If necessary, according to A3 a), the buyer must provide the seller at its request and the buyer’s risk and expense with the exchange control authorisation, permits, other documents or certified copies thereof, or with the address of the final destination of the goods in the country of import for the purpose of obtaining the through document of transport or any other document contemplated in A8.

DDP – Delivered Duty Paid

“Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller delivers the goods when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for import on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duty for both export and import and to carry out all customs formalities.

A	The Seller Must	B	The Buyer Must
A1	Provision of Goods in Conformity with the Contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity, which may be required by the contract.	B1	Payment of the Price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The seller must obtain at its own risk and expense any export and import license and other official authorization or other documents and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods, for their transit through any country and for their import.	B2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The buyer must render the seller at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining, where applicable any import license or other official authorization necessary for the import of the goods.
A3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination which best suits its purpose. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.	B3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage No obligation. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4	Delivery The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer, or at that of another person named by the buyer, on any arriving means of transport not unloaded at the named place of destination on the date or within the period agreed for delivery.	B4	Taking Delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
A5	Transfer of Risks The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B5	Transfer of Risks The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4. The buyer must, should it fail to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, bear all additional risks of loss of or damage to the goods incurred thereby. The buyer must, should it fail to give notice in accordance with B7, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiration date of the agreed period for delivery provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6	Division of Costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay: In addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and,br> Where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export and import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and import of the goods, and for their transit through any country prior to delivery in accordance with A4.	B6	Division of Costs The buyer must pay: All costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and All additional costs incurred if it fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A7	Notice to the Buyer The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice of the dispatch of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measures which are normally necessary to enable it to take delivery of the goods.	B7	Notice to the Seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery at the named place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller’s expense with the delivery order and/or the usual transport document (for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, an air waybill, a railway consignment note, a road consignment note, or a multimodal transport document) which the buyer may require to take delivery of the goods in accordance with A4/B4. Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.	B8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must accept the delivery order or the transport document in accordance with A8.
A9	Checking – Packaging – Marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. The seller must provide at his own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to deliver the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the delivery of the goods. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.	B9	Inspection of Goods The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10	Other Obligations The seller must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in B10 and reimburse those incurred by the buyer in rendering his assistance herewith. The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance	B10	Other Obligations The buyer must render the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages issued or transmitted in the country of import which the seller may require for the purpose of making the goods available to the buyer in accordance therewith.

EXW – Ex Works

“Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable.

A	The Seller Must	B	The Buyer Must
A1	Provision of Goods in Conformity with the Contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity which may be required by the contract	B1	Payment of the Price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The seller must render the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining, where applicable, any export license or other official authorization necessary for the export of the goods.	B2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The buyer must obtain at its own risk and expense any export and import license or other official authorization and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the export of the goods.
A3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage No obligation. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.	B3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage No obligation. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4	Delivery The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of delivery, not loaded on any collecting vehicle, on the date or within the period agreed or, if no such time is agreed, at the usual time for delivery of such goods. If no specific point has been agreed within the named place, and if there are several point available, the seller may select the point at the place of delivery which best suits its purpose.	B4	Taking Delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4 and A7/B7.
A5	Transfer of Risks The seller must, subject tot the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B5	Transfer of Risks The buyer must bear all risks of or damage the goods. From time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and From the agreed date or the expiration date of any period fixed for taking delivery which arise because it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, provide, however, that the goods have been dully appropriated to the contract, that is to say clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6	Division of Costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B6	Division of Costs The buyer must pay: All costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and Any additional costs incurred by failing either to take delivery of the goods when they have been placed at its disposal, or to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7 provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and Where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon export. The buyer must reimburse all costs and charges incurred by the seller in rendering assistance in accordance with A2.
A7	Notice to the Buyer The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice as to when and where the goods will be placed at its disposal.	B7	Notice to the Seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the place of taking delivery, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message No obligation.	B8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must provide the seller with appropriate evidence of having taken delivery.
A9	Checking – Packaging – Marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of placing the goods at the buyer’s disposal. The seller must provide at its own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to make the goods of the contract description available unpacked) which is required for the transport of the goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.	B9	Inspection of Goods The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection, including inspection mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10	Other Obligations The seller must render the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages issued or transmitted in the country of delivery and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the export and/or import of the goods and, where necessary, for the transit through any country. The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.	B10	Other Obligations The buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering its assistance in accordance therewith.

FCA – Free Carrier

“Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point.

A	The Seller Must	B	The Buyer Must
A1	Provision of Goods in Conformity with the Contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and other evidence of conformity which may be required by the contract.	B1	Payment of the Price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The seller must obtain at its own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.	B2	Licenses, Authorizations and Formalities The buyer must obtain at its own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage No obligation. However if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract and, if the seller does, it shall promptly notify the buyer accordingly. (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.	B3	Contract of Carriage and Insurance (a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named place, except when the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). (b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4	Delivery The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer, or chosen by the seller in accordance with A3 a), at the named place on the date or within the period agreed for delivery. Delivery is completed; If the named place is the seller’s premises, when the goods have been loaded on the means of transport provided by the carrier nominated by the buyer or another person acting on its behalf. If the named place is anywhere other than a), when the goods are placed at the disposal of the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer, or chosen by the seller in accordance with A3 a) on the seller’s means of transport not unloaded. If no specific point has been agreed within the named place, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point at the place of delivery which best suits its purpose. Failing precise instructions from the buyer, the seller may deliver the goods for carriage in such a manner as the transport mode and/or the quantity and/or nature of the goods may require.	B4	Taking Delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when the have been delivered in accordance with A4.
A5	Transfer of Risks The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.	B5	Transfer of Risks The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods From the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4, and From the agreed date or the expiration date of any agreed period for delivery which arise either because it fails to nominate the carrier or another person in accordance with A4, or because the carrier or the party nominated by the buyer fails to take the goods in its charge at the agreed time, or because the buyer fails to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6	Division of Costs The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay Al costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and Where applicable, the costs of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export.	B6	Division of Costs The buyer must pay: All costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4, and Any additional costs incurred, either because it fails to nominate the carrier or another person in accordance with A4 or because the party nominated by the buyer fails to take the goods into its charge at the agreed time, or because it has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods, and Where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A7	Notice to the Buyer The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. Should the carrier fail to take delivery in accordance with A4 at the time agreed, the seller must notify the buyer accordingly.	B7	Notice to the Seller The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the name of the party designated in A4 and, where necessary, specify the mode of transport, as well as the date or period for delivering the goods to it and, as the case may be, the point within the place where the goods should be delivered to that party.
A8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller’s expense with the usual proof of delivery of the goods in accordance with A4. Unless the document referred to in the preceding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer at the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document for the contract of carriage (for example a negotiable bill of lading, an inland waterway document, an air waybill, a railway consignment note, a road consignment note, or a multimodal transport document). When the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.	B8	Proof of Delivery, Transport Document or Equivalent Electronic Message The buyer must accept the proof of delivery in accordance with A8.
A9	Checking – Packaging – Marking The seller must pay the costs of those operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. The seller must provide at its own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to send the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the transport of the goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.	B9	Inspection of Goods The buyer must pay the costs of any pre-shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10	Other Obligations The seller must render the buyer the buyer’s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the country of delivery and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and where necessary, for their transit through any country. The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.	B10	Other Obligations The buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic message mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering its assistance in accordance therewith and in contracting for carriage in accordance with A3 a). The buyer must give the seller appropriate instructions whenever the seller’s assistance in contracting for carriage is required in accordance with A3 a).